Ice hockey officials wear protective equipment under a black-and-white striped jersey. Referees are distinguished from linesmen by orange or red armbands on their sleeves. Most leagues require a helmet and a whistle, and officials typically wear skates, padded officiating pants or a padded girdle, shin guards, elbow pads, a protective cup and, increasingly, cut-resistant socks and a neck guard. Many officials also carry a small notebook or card to record penalties. Exact requirements vary between the NHL, IIHF and amateur bodies such as USA Hockey and Hockey Canada, so officials should always check their league’s current rules.
Why officials need protective equipment
Hockey officials skate among players moving at high speed, with pucks that can travel very fast and sticks swinging close by. They are often near the boards and in the path of players, especially linesmen breaking up scrums or retrieving pucks. Protective equipment reduces the risk of injuries from pucks, sticks, skates and collisions. Because officials must move freely to keep up with play, their gear balances protection with mobility and is typically lighter than players’ equipment.
Referee equipment list
| Item | Notes |
|---|---|
| Striped jersey | Black and white stripes; referees wear orange or red armbands |
| Helmet | Required in most leagues; visors often required or recommended |
| Whistle | Often a finger whistle for quick use |
| Skates | Comfortable, well-fitted and sharpened |
| Officiating pants or girdle | Black pants with padding for the hips and thighs |
| Shin guards | Protection from pucks and sticks |
| Elbow pads | Protection in falls and collisions |
| Protective cup | Essential protection |
| Cut-resistant socks and neck guard | Increasingly recommended or required |
| Notebook and pencil | To record penalties and game details |
Referees vs linesmen
Most games at higher levels use a combination of referees and linesmen. Referees are responsible for calling penalties and making major decisions, and they wear orange or red armbands so players, coaches and fans can identify them. Linesmen focus on offside, icing, faceoffs and breaking up altercations, and they wear the striped jersey without armbands. In the NHL, a four-official system is standard, with two referees and two linesmen. Lower levels may use a two- or three-official system depending on the league and age group.
How to choose officiating equipment step by step
- Check your league’s requirements for helmets, visors, neck guards and cut-resistant gear.
- Choose a certified helmet that fits snugly, with a visor if required.
- Get skates fitted for comfort and support during long games.
- Select padded pants or a girdle designed for officials.
- Add shin guards and elbow pads that do not restrict movement.
- Wear a protective cup for essential protection.
- Consider cut-resistant socks and a neck guard even if not required.
- Buy the correct jersey and armbands for your role and league.
Jerseys and armbands
The striped jersey makes officials instantly recognizable on the ice. The vertical black and white stripes help players and fans distinguish officials from teams. Referees add orange or red armbands to show their role; the NHL uses orange armbands, and many other leagues use orange or red. Jerseys often have numbers on the back and sleeves, and some leagues include league or association logos. Officials should keep jerseys clean and properly fitted, since appearance contributes to the professionalism of the game.
Helmets and face protection
Helmets have become standard for officials at almost all levels. Many leagues require visors or half shields for officials, particularly in youth and amateur hockey, while others recommend them. A properly fitted helmet should sit level on the head, with the chin strap secured. Officials should replace helmets that are cracked or damaged, and check certification requirements set by their league or national body.
Cut-resistant gear and neck protection
Skate blade injuries are rare but can be serious. Cut-resistant socks, wrist guards and neck guards reduce this risk. Several leagues and governing bodies have introduced or recommended cut-resistant equipment for players and officials. Even where not required, many officials choose to wear it for added safety. Neck guards should fit comfortably without restricting breathing or head movement.
Other tools officials carry
Besides protective gear, officials carry a whistle, often a finger whistle that can be held in the hand and brought to the mouth quickly. Many carry a small penalty card or notebook to record penalties, times and players involved. Officials also need knowledge of the rulebook, communication signals and positioning, which are taught in officiating certification courses offered by national bodies.
Becoming a hockey official
Most officials start by registering with their national or regional hockey body, such as USA Hockey or Hockey Canada, and completing an officiating certification course. These courses usually include classroom or online modules on rules, signals and positioning, along with on-ice sessions and a rules exam. New officials often begin with younger age groups and progress to higher levels as they gain experience and pass further certifications. Many associations also require background checks and safeguarding training, especially for officials working youth games. Equipment requirements are explained during certification, so new officials know exactly what to buy before their first game.
Budgeting for officiating gear
Starting out as an official involves some upfront costs. Skates and a helmet are often the largest expenses, followed by padded pants, protective gear and jerseys. Many officials already own hockey equipment from playing, which can reduce costs, although officials’ pants and jerseys are specific to the role. Buying quality protective gear is worth the investment, since it lasts longer and offers better protection. Some associations or local officiating groups offer discounts or used equipment programs for new officials.
Dressing for comfort during long games
Officials often work several games in a row, so comfort matters. Moisture-wicking base layers help manage sweat, while properly fitted skates reduce foot fatigue. Carrying a spare pair of socks and a water bottle helps between games. Officials should warm up before stepping on the ice, just like players, to reduce the risk of strains.
Caring for officiating equipment
Air out equipment after every game to prevent odor and bacteria, and wash jerseys, socks and base layers regularly. Sharpen skates as needed and check blades for nicks. Inspect helmets, straps and padding for damage, and replace worn items. Well-maintained gear stays comfortable and continues to provide proper protection.
Safety and health note
Health note: this article is general information, not medical advice. Officials who experience a head impact or suspected concussion should stop officiating and seek medical evaluation, following their league’s concussion protocols. Always wear the protective equipment required by your league and consider additional protection for higher-risk situations.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Skipping helmet or visor rules. Follow your league’s requirements.
- Wearing poorly fitted skates. Discomfort affects movement and focus.
- Forgetting protective cups or shin guards. Pucks and sticks can cause serious injuries.
- Using the wrong armbands. Referees and linesmen have distinct uniforms.
- Neglecting maintenance. Damaged gear offers less protection.
- Ignoring cut-resistant gear. It adds important protection.
Frequently asked questions
Why do referees wear orange armbands?
Armbands distinguish referees, who call penalties, from linesmen, who handle offside, icing and faceoffs.
Do hockey referees wear helmets?
Yes. Helmets are required for officials in most leagues today.
What do linesmen wear?
The same striped jersey and protective gear as referees, but without the orange or red armbands.
