Football penalties are called for illegal actions before or during a play. Most cost 5, 10 or 15 yards, and some give the offense an automatic first down.
Common penalties
| Penalty | What it is | Typical yardage (NFL) |
|---|---|---|
| False start | Offensive player moves before the snap | 5 |
| Offside / encroachment / neutral zone infraction | Defender over the line before the snap | 5 |
| Delay of game | Play clock expires | 5 |
| Offensive holding | Illegally grabbing a defender | 10 |
| Defensive holding | Illegally restricting a receiver | 5 plus automatic first down |
| Defensive pass interference | Illegal contact on a receiver while the ball is in the air | Spot of the foul plus automatic first down |
| Face mask | Grabbing and twisting or pulling the face mask | 15 |
| Roughing the passer | Illegal hit on the QB | 15 plus automatic first down |
| Unnecessary roughness | Excessive or dangerous contact | 15 |
| Unsportsmanlike conduct | Taunting and similar behavior | 15 |
Yardage and enforcement differ in college and high school. Check your level’s rulebook.
Frequently asked questions
What is the most common penalty in football?
Offensive holding and false starts are among the most common.
Can a penalty be declined?
Yes, the non-offending team can choose to decline it.
What is a personal foul?
A category of serious safety fouls, usually 15 yards.
