Trick plays use deception to catch the defense out of position. Classic examples include the flea flicker, the reverse, the halfback pass, the Statue of Liberty, the hook and lateral, the quarterback throwback and fake punts or field goals. They work best when they look exactly like plays a team normally runs, when they are called at an unexpected moment and when the defense is playing aggressively. Trick plays can produce huge gains and swing momentum, but they carry real risk, since extra ball handling and throws by non-quarterbacks can lead to turnovers. Good coaches practice them carefully and call them sparingly.
Why trick plays work
Defenses are trained to read keys and react quickly. Trick plays exploit that by showing a familiar look, such as a handoff or a punt formation, and then doing something different. When defenders flow hard toward the expected play, gaps open behind them. Trick plays also force opponents to spend practice time preparing for the unexpected, which can make them more cautious. Beyond the X’s and O’s, a successful trick play can energize a team and crowd.
Classic trick plays
| Play | How it works |
|---|---|
| Flea flicker | Handoff to the running back, who pitches the ball back to the quarterback for a deep pass |
| Reverse | Running back hands to a receiver running the opposite way |
| Halfback pass | Running back takes a handoff or pitch and throws |
| Statue of Liberty | Quarterback fakes a pass while a runner takes the ball from behind him |
| Hook and lateral | Receiver catches a short pass and laterals to a trailing teammate |
| Quarterback throwback | Quarterback hands off, then sneaks out as a receiver |
| Fake punt or field goal | Kicking unit runs or passes instead of kicking |
The plays in detail
Flea flicker. The quarterback hands off to the running back, who runs toward the line and then pitches the ball back to the quarterback. Safeties and cornerbacks who read run and come forward leave receivers open deep. The play depends on a convincing run fake and good protection, because it takes longer to develop.
Reverse. The offense starts a run in one direction, and a receiver running the opposite way takes a handoff or pitch. If defenders chase the initial flow, the receiver can find open space on the backside. A double reverse adds another exchange.
Halfback pass. A running back takes a handoff or pitch as if running a sweep, then pulls up and throws downfield. It works best when the back has some passing ability and when defensive backs are aggressive in run support.
Statue of Liberty. The quarterback drops back and raises the ball as if to throw, while a running back or receiver circles behind and takes the ball from his hand, running the other way. Boise State famously used a version of this play for the winning two-point conversion against Oklahoma in the Fiesta Bowl in January 2007.
Hook and lateral. A receiver runs a short hook route, catches the pass and immediately laterals the ball backward to a teammate running past him at full speed. The play is often used late in games when an offense needs a big gain and time is short.
Quarterback throwback. The quarterback hands or pitches the ball to another player and then runs a route, often uncovered because defenders ignore him. The other player throws back to the quarterback. The Philadelphia Eagles’ Philly Special in Super Bowl LII, in which quarterback Nick Foles caught a touchdown pass, is one of the best-known examples.
Fake punt or field goal. Instead of kicking, the punter, holder or another player runs or passes. These fakes are usually based on how the opponent aligns and rushes on kicks, and they can extend drives in key moments.
When to call a trick play
- After establishing the play it mimics. A flea flicker works best after several successful runs.
- When the defense is aggressive. Defenders flowing hard to the ball are more likely to overcommit.
- When you need a spark. A big play can change momentum.
- When film shows a weakness. For example, a punt return unit that leaves a gap on one side.
- In favorable field position. A failed trick play near midfield or in the opponent’s territory is less costly than one near your own goal line.
Designing and practicing trick plays
- Study film to find defensive tendencies you can exploit.
- Build the trick off a base play you run often, so it looks identical at the start.
- Choose the right personnel, such as a running back or receiver who can throw.
- Practice ball handling repeatedly until exchanges are clean.
- Rehearse in walk-throughs and full speed during the week.
- Plan the call situation in the game plan so the timing is right.
Rules that affect trick plays
Trick plays must follow the rules. Only one forward pass is allowed per play, and it must be thrown from behind the line of scrimmage. Laterals, which travel sideways or backward, can be thrown any number of times, but a dropped lateral is a live ball that either team can recover. Formations must include at least seven players on the line of scrimmage, and only eligible receivers may catch forward passes. Some deceptive tactics are illegal, such as hiding the ball under a jersey or using substitutions and formations designed to deceive in ways the rules prohibit. Rules differ by level, so coaches must check the current rulebook before installing a trick play.
How defenses guard against trick plays
Disciplined defenses limit trick plays by playing their assignments rather than chasing the ball. Backside defenders are often assigned to stay home and watch for reverses and throwbacks. Safeties keep their eyes on their keys and avoid biting too hard on run fakes when a deep threat is possible. On special teams, coaches assign players to watch for fakes and to identify the personnel on the field, such as a position player lining up as a punt protector. Scouting opponents’ past trick plays also helps, since many teams reuse concepts that have worked for them.
Risks of trick plays
Trick plays add exchanges, laterals and throws by players who do not usually pass, which increases the chance of fumbles, interceptions and big losses. They also take time to develop, giving pass rushers a chance to get home. A failed trick play can shift momentum to the opponent. Coaches weigh these risks against the potential reward and usually save trick plays for moments when the payoff justifies the gamble.
Common mistakes
- Calling a trick play without first establishing the base play.
- Using trick plays so often that they become predictable.
- Poor ball handling from lack of practice.
- Choosing a thrower who cannot make an accurate pass.
- Running a fake kick without checking the opponent’s alignment.
- Forgetting that a dropped lateral is a live ball.
Rulebook note: rules on forward passes, laterals, formations and deceptive plays differ between the NFL, NCAA and NFHS. Check the current rulebook for your level.
Frequently asked questions
What is a flea flicker?
A play where the running back takes a handoff and pitches the ball back to the quarterback, who throws deep.
Are trick plays legal?
Yes, as long as they follow the rules on forward passes, laterals, formations and eligible receivers.
What is the Philly Special?
A quarterback throwback play the Eagles used for a touchdown in Super Bowl LII, with Nick Foles catching the pass.
