Rugby referees use hand signals so players and spectators can follow decisions. Most signals show the type of restart, which team benefits, and the reason for the decision.
Restart signals
| Decision | Signal |
|---|---|
| Penalty kick | Arm raised at an angle toward the non-offending team |
| Free kick | Arm bent at the elbow, raised toward the non-offending team |
| Try | Referee stands at the spot and raises an arm straight up |
| Advantage | Arm held out at waist height toward the non-offending team |
| Scrum | Arm horizontal toward the team to throw in |
Offence signals
| Offence | Typical signal |
|---|---|
| Knock-on | Open hand raised above the head, moving back and forth |
| Forward pass | Hands mime passing the ball forward |
| Offside at ruck or maul | Arm swept along the offside line |
| Not releasing the ball | Both hands held to the chest as if holding a ball |
| Hands in the ruck | Hand lowered and swept as if picking up the ball |
| Collapsing a scrum or maul | Arm lowered as if pulling someone down |
| High tackle | Hand moved across the throat |
Laws referenced follow World Rugby’s Laws of the Game for rugby union; rugby league, sevens and domestic competitions can differ, so check the current laws for your competition.
Frequently asked questions
How do you know if it’s a penalty or free kick?
A straight angled arm means penalty; a bent arm means free kick.
What does the advantage signal look like?
An arm held out toward the team that was fouled.
Can the referee explain decisions?
Yes, often to captains, and many referees wear microphones at elite level.
