A scrum restarts play after minor infringements like a knock-on or forward pass. Eight forwards from each team bind together and push, while the scrum-half feeds the ball into the tunnel for the hookers to strike.
Scrum sequence
| Step | What happens |
|---|---|
| Crouch | Front rows crouch opposite each other |
| Bind | Props bind on their opponents |
| Set | Packs engage |
| Feed | Scrum-half throws the ball in straight (with some tolerance) |
| Hook | Hookers strike for the ball |
| Exit | Ball leaves from the back of the scrum |
Scrum movement
- Packs may push forward legally to win ground or disrupt the opposing feed.
- If a scrum wheels past 90 degrees, it is reset.
- Deliberately collapsing, standing up or pulling down is illegal.
Common penalties
- Early engagement or not binding properly.
- Collapsing the scrum.
- Not feeding the ball straight.
- Pulling out or boring in at an angle.
Laws referenced follow World Rugby’s Laws of the Game for rugby union; rugby league, sevens and domestic competitions can differ, so check the current laws for your competition.
Frequently asked questions
Why is a scrum awarded?
For infringements like knock-ons and forward passes.
Who feeds the scrum?
The scrum-half of the team awarded it.
Are youth scrums different?
Many junior levels use uncontested or limited-push scrums for safety.
