Track and field rules cover running (starts, lanes, relays), jumping and throwing (attempts, fouls, measuring). The key ones: one false start disqualifies in most senior competition, runners must stay in their lane in lane races, relay batons must pass within the takeover zone, and field athletes usually get three attempts, with the top eight getting three more.
Key rules by area
| Area | Rule |
|---|---|
| Starts | A false start leads to disqualification in World Athletics events |
| Lanes | Running on or inside the left lane line on a bend can mean disqualification |
| Relays | Baton must be passed within the 30 m takeover zone |
| Field events | Three attempts; top eight get three more in finals |
| High jump and pole vault | Three consecutive failures eliminate the athlete |
| Measuring | Jumps from the take-off line; throws to the nearest mark in the sector |
Common fouls
- Stepping over the take-off board in long and triple jump.
- Leaving the throwing circle before the implement lands, or through the front half.
- A throw landing on or outside the sector lines.
- Obstructing another runner.
- Dropping the baton and not recovering it properly.
Rules reference: World Athletics Book of Rules (Competition and Technical Rules). High school (NFHS) and college (NCAA) competitions have their own rulebooks with some differences.
Frequently asked questions
How many false starts are allowed?
In most senior competitions, none; a single false start disqualifies. Youth rules can differ.
How are ties broken in the high jump?
By fewest misses at the tied height, then fewest total misses, then a jump-off if needed for first place.
What happens if a relay team drops the baton?
The athlete who dropped it must pick it up without obstructing others; the team can continue.
